羅伯特·格雷夫斯（英國(guó)詩(shī)人、小說(shuō)家、評(píng)論家）
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英國(guó)詩(shī)人、小說(shuō)家、評(píng)論家。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)任軍官。因發(fā)表戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)回憶錄《向一切告別》(1929)而成名。戰(zhàn)后移居西班牙。其歷史小說(shuō)和傳奇小說(shuō)有《克勞狄烏斯自傳》(1934)、《克勞狄烏斯封神記》(1934)、《白色女神》(1947)、《荷馬之女》(1955)等。還寫(xiě)過(guò)一些優(yōu)美洗練的愛(ài)情詩(shī)。對(duì)希臘和希伯來(lái)神話(huà)也深有研究。1955年發(fā)表《希臘神話(huà)》(2卷)。1961～1966年任牛津大學(xué)詩(shī)學(xué)教授。1980年發(fā)表小說(shuō)《他們吊死了我的圣潔的比利》。
基本信息
| 國(guó)籍 | 英國(guó) |
作品信息
| 代表作品 | 《希臘神話(huà)》 |
基本簡(jiǎn)介
羅伯特·格雷夫斯（Robert Graves，1895.7.24–1985.10.7），20世紀(jì)英國(guó)著名詩(shī)人，出生于倫敦，曾在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中服役，之后從牛津大學(xué)畢業(yè)。他在開(kāi)羅大學(xué)教了一年英語(yǔ)，后來(lái)曾一度在西班牙的馬略卡島定居。格雷夫斯從1961到1966年間任牛津大學(xué)的詩(shī)歌學(xué)教授。
羅伯特·格雷夫斯是20世紀(jì)英國(guó)文學(xué)史上一位極具創(chuàng)新精神的詩(shī)人。他擅長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)洗練的抒情詩(shī)，特別是愛(ài)情詩(shī)，繼承了傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)格，不趨時(shí)髦。他的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)詩(shī)獨(dú)具特色，充分展示了詩(shī)人特有的才情和睿智. 也寫(xiě)小說(shuō)、雜文、文學(xué)批評(píng)和神化研究作品，并翻譯文學(xué)經(jīng)典。他最初的作品是一些譴責(zé)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)對(duì)生命的摧殘的詩(shī)歌。他的自傳《向一切告別》（1929年）講述了他在一戰(zhàn)中的經(jīng)歷。譴責(zé)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷，對(duì)英國(guó)病態(tài)的社會(huì)和文化表示不滿(mǎn)。
《耶穌王》（1946年）是一部非傳統(tǒng)歷史小說(shuō)。他后來(lái)的大部分詩(shī)作都是愛(ài)情抒情詩(shī)。他的古羅馬帝國(guó)三部曲《我，克勞迪斯》（I， Claudius）、《克勞迪斯神和他的妻子梅薩利納》（Claudius the God and His Wife Messalina）、《貝利薩里烏斯伯爵》（Count Belisarius）是現(xiàn)代歷史小說(shuō)經(jīng)典之作，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的表現(xiàn)手法使生活在古代的人物具有親近感，同時(shí)又保持了歷史性。他在《白色女神》(1947)一書(shū)中認(rèn)為文藝起源于對(duì)原始女神的崇拜。他對(duì)希臘和希伯來(lái)神話(huà)也深有研究。1961至1965年任牛津大學(xué)詩(shī)學(xué)教授。1980年發(fā)表小說(shuō)《他們吊死了我的圣潔的比利》。
《火盆旁》（1916年）、《詩(shī)集1938–1945年》（1946年）、《詩(shī)集》（1959年）、《新詩(shī)集》（1977年）。神話(huà)研究作品——《白仙女》（1947年）、《希臘神話(huà)》（1955年）。隨筆——《肩負(fù)讀者》（The Reader over Your Shoulder）（1943年，與艾倫·霍奇合著）。
英文介紹
Over the Brazier. London: William Heinemann, 1923; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923.
* Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924.
* Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925.
* Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925.
* The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925.
* Poems (1914-1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.
* Poems (1914-1927). London: William Heinemann
* To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.
* Poems 1930-1933. London: Arthur Barker, 1933.
* Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938.
* No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940.
* Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942.
* Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.
* Poems 1938-1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.
* Collected Poems (1914-1947). London: Cassell, 1948.
* Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951.
* Poems 1953. London: Cassell, 1953.
* Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955.
* Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.
* The Poems of Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
* Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959.
* The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961.
* More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961.
* Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1961.
* New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963.
* The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration. Marlborough: Marlborough College Press, 1962.
* Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964; New York: Doubleday, 1964.
* Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1964.
* Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1966.
* One Hard Look 1965
* Collected Poems 1965. London: Cassell, 1965.
* Seventeen Poems Missing from 'Love Respelt'. privately printed, 1966.
* Colophon to 'Love Respelt'. Privately printed, 1967.
* Poems 1965-1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Poems About Love. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Love Respelt Again. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969.
* Poems 1968-1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.
* Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. London: Cassell, 1971.
* Poems 1970-1972. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
* Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972.
* Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973.
* At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974.
* Collected Poems 1975. London: Cassell, 1975.
* New Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1977.
* Selected Poems. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Penguin, 1986
* The Centenary Selected Poems. ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
* Complete Poems Volume 1. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
* Complete Poems Volume 2. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996.
* Complete Poems Volume 3. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999.
* The Complete Poems in One Volume ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.
Poems
Fiction
* My Head! My Head!. London: Sucker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925.
* The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.
* No Decency Left (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.
* The Real David Copperfield. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.
* I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934.
o Sequel: Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.
* Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937.
* Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938.
* Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth. London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb's America. New York: Random House, 1940.
o Sequel: Proceed, Sergeant Lamb. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941.
* The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944.
* The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, My Shipmate, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945.
* King Jesus. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.
* Watch the North Wind Rise. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949.
* The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950.
* Homer's Daughter. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955.
* Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956.
* They Hanged My Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957.
* Collected Short Stories. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.
* An Ancient Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980.
Other
* On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.
* The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925.
* Poetic Unreason and Other Studies. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925.
* Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Press, 1925.
* Another Future of Poetry. London: Hogarth Press, 1926.
* Impenetrability or The Proper Habit of English. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
* The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.
* Lars Porsena or The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E.P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936.
* A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.
* Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
* A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
* Mrs. Fisher or The Future of Humour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.
* Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.
* But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931.
* T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.
* The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.
* The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943.
* The White Goddess. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.
* The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922-1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.
* Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.
* The Nazarene Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.
* The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.
* The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954-1955. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956.
* Adam's Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.
* Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957.
* Steps. London: Cassell, 1958.
* 5 Pens in Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
* Food for Centaurs. New York: Doubleday, 1960.
* Greek Gods and Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece. London: Cassell, 1961.
* Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.
* Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.
* The Siege and Fall of Troy. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963.
* The Big Green Book. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak
* Hebrew Myths. The Book of Genesis (with Raphael Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.
* Majorca Observed. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
* Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
* Two Wise Children. New York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967.
* The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah). London: Cassell, 1967.
* Poetic Craft and Principle. London: Cassell, 1967.
* The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968.
* The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969.
* On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
* In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914-1946. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982
* Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946-1972. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984
* Collected Writings on Poetry. ed. Paul O'Prey, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
* Complete Short Stories. ed Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
* Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion. ed Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.
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